What are the major differences between the law and the gospel? Joel Beeke summarizes John Colquhoun's 11 distinctions from his excellent book:
1) The law proceeds from the very nature of God; the gospel from his love, grace, and mercy, or his good will to men.
2) The law is known partly by the light of nature, but the gospel is known only by divine revelation.
3) The law regards us as creatures who are capable of yielding perfect obedience; the gospel regards us as sinners who have no strength to perform perfect obedience.
4) The law shows us what we ought to be but not how to become holy; whereas the gospel shows us that we may be made holy through communion with Christ and by the sanctification of his Spirit.
5) The law says, "Do this and you shall live"; the gospel says, "Live, for all is already done, believe and you shall be saved."