God’s Law began in the Garden when He commanded man not to eat from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and if he should do so, he would die. Paul confirms that this was a command (Rom. 5:14). Laws say “Do this, don’t do that, and if you do, this will be the consequence.” Therefore, there was, indeed, law prior to the written, codified law (i.e. Mosaic Law). Paul tells us in Romans 5:13 that before the Mosaic Law was given, sin was in the world. When Paul next says that sin is not taken into account when there is no law, he is not saying that prior to the Mosaic Law, there was no imputation of sin. He is affirming that law was, indeed, in the world prior to the Mosaic Law, because we see the results of the imputation of sin: death. And to clarify, imputation of sin is a result of sinning (Romans 5:12). I believe that Romans 1:19-20 and Romans 2:15 suggest that this law prior to the Mosaic Law was a law written on hearts.
I believe there continues to be a law written on hearts, but those in Christ are not held captive by its condemnation because we have died with Christ in his death. This law has jurisdiction over a person only as long as he lives (Romans 7:1), and since we have died with Christ, this law (which says, “You sin, you die”) cannot condemn us. Yes, we still see the effects of sin (i.e. death), but that doesn’t mean there continues to be imputation of sin for us, for our faith informs us that death will not hold us.
It is now the Law of Christ which has authority over us. This law does not include condemnation and death. It sets us free to fulfill it through the power of the Holy Spirit without fear of failure, because we have a sympathetic High Priest and ready Advocate, and without fear of death, because we look to the resurrection and final defeat of death.
I believe there continues to be a law written on hearts, but those in Christ are not held captive by its condemnation because we have died with Christ in his death. This law has jurisdiction over a person only as long as he lives (Romans 7:1), and since we have died with Christ, this law (which says, “You sin, you die”) cannot condemn us. Yes, we still see the effects of sin (i.e. death), but that doesn’t mean there continues to be imputation of sin for us, for our faith informs us that death will not hold us.
It is now the Law of Christ which has authority over us. This law does not include condemnation and death. It sets us free to fulfill it through the power of the Holy Spirit without fear of failure, because we have a sympathetic High Priest and ready Advocate, and without fear of death, because we look to the resurrection and final defeat of death.