The Atonement saves those who accept Jesus Christ as Savior.
All should acknowledge the fact that Christ suffered the wrath of God due to all men. That is where the language of the
sufficiency of the death of Christ emerges from. Hence it follows that if God had willed to save the whole world, Christ would not have needed to suffer any more.
Where the reformed tradition distinguishes itself is in the fact that it makes the atonement of Christ "
definite," thereby necessitating that it be regarded as "
particular" in the persons for whom it is intended.
Christ did not merely suffer the wrath of God due to sinners of mankind, He actually substituted Himself in the place of
a certain number of people, and satisfied divine justice (
propitiated God's wrath) on behalf of that certain number of people (the
believing ones), thus truly procuring for them forgiveness of sin and eternal salvation. This He did not do on behalf of all persons, else all would be saved, for the wrath of God would presumably be satisfied for all persons.
We often see written—taking the word "sufficient" further than its original intent—that the atonement was
sufficient for all, but efficient for some. The phrase leads to speculation without warrant. So we find folks speculating that, well, God
could have saved everyone, etc., versus looking at exactly what God actually
did, what Christ
did and
accomplished. This slippery slope leads to further speculation on the
possibilities of the atonement versus its
actualities.
Unfortunately some evangelicals display a tendency toward universalism by claiming that Jesus died for everyone in the same way. This creates the unlikely possibility that all will be saved (known as the error of
hypothetical universalism). Why? If God's wrath has been propitiated for all persons, the penalty for sin is paid for all persons. Anyone going to Hell is therefore making God guilty of punishing the same sins twice.
The plain truth is that even if Christ died only for one single person, say, me (AMR), and I had committed but one single sin, His death must have been of infinite worth.
Why?
Because Christ's death must propitiate and expiate my sin before God, who is infinitely holy and whose holiness is infinite.
The sin offering to be given to God is defined by the character of God. Since God is holy and AMR has sinned against an infinitely holy God, the sacrifice of the Mediator sent by God must be one that is infinitely given, an infinite sacrifice. What sort of Mediator can accomplish such a feat? Only one who is infinite, only one who is God—Jesus Christ, God incarnate.
Thus we have in Christ's atonement an infinite sacrifice of infinite worth in satisfying the justice of God for those whom were given to Him...even if those given to our Lord was but a single individual sinner.
AMR