skeptech said:
To forgive someone is to give them another chance. But that doesn't mean that they don't need to pay the price for their transgression, or that they should be entrusted to the same circumstances. I'm having difficulty pinning down one set of conditions for forgiveness. For instance:
- It might be a transgression committed by my child. Forgiveness is immediate, but there is a corresponding consequence that they must bear, in the hopes of learning not to do it the next time. (Yeah, right.... I'm ever the optimist!)
- It might be an unintentional transgression committed by someone who should know better. Then I'll forgive with no conditions (after, of course, I understand that it was in fact unintentional), but I'll be careful about entrusting the person under the same circumstances until they've shown that they're trustworthy.
- It might be an intentional transgression by someone who knew better. Then, I will forgive after either a)they have demonstrated that they are truly sorry, and would do different under the same circumstances; or b)they have paid the price and made amends, in some form (jail time, monetary, community service, etc.) Again, I'll be careful about trusting them until they've demonstrated trustworthiness.
Regardless of the circumstance, I prefer "forgive and learn" to "forgive and forget".
Hmmmm. Seems to me that what you're talking about here aren't degrees of forgiveness, but degrees of offense. You aren't as offended when a child does something hurtful to you because you know that they aren't fully cognizant of what they do, or of how what they do effects other people. And the same may go for an adult that is not aware, specifically, that they have caused you harm. Though in that case you would expect them to repent once they have been informed of how their behavior has harmed you. And you would be most offended by someone who was cognizant of the harm they caused you and did it anyway, or worse, intended to harm you specifically.
The different responses to these different scenarios has to do with the degree of their offense. And you're saying that the degree to which you can forgive others is directly related to the degree of their offense against you. My guess is that this is true of most of us, but I'm not sure that this really answers the question at hand. The one thing that the bible does not seem to say is that we should forgive other people in proportion to the offenses they've committed against us: quick and full forgiveness for minor offenses, slow and conditioned forgiveness for major offenses, etc. The quotes that I've seen so far all seem to indicate that we should either forgive universally, or that we should forgive only those who repent.
For me to choose among only these two option, I would need to figure out exactly what it means to "forgive". And I think forgiveness refers to the offense committed, and not to the consequences that result for the person who committed the offense. I'll give an example. Let's say that Bob Enyart stole my car (*winking at Shimei*). If he is not caught, and I never see my car again, I can still forgive this unknown criminal for having stolen my car, even though I would still want the criminal discovered and the car returned. What I'm forgiving is the act committed against me: the theft of my property. I am not forgiving the consequences to the offender if he is discovered and apprehended. In fact, I'm not sure it's even my place to forgive the consequences of someone else's actions. And part of the consequence to the offender will be that he is removed from his society for some amount of time (as he has shown himself to be anti-social) and that he will be expected to return the car (or otherwise pay material restitution for it). So I can forgive him of the offense he has committed against me, but that does not mean he is relieved of the consequences of his having committed that offense. The theft of my car is an offense against all of society, not just an offense against me. I can forgive the offense against me, but I don't have the right or the ability to forgive the portion of the offense that applies to the whole of my society.
So if a child commits a non-criminal offense against me, and I forgive that offense, that's it. The whole incident is finished (except in the case of a child, it's important that they learn from such an incident, so even though they are fully forgiven, we may need to treat the incident as if it were greater than it is, just so they can understand the more serious consequences that would be involved in offending people if they were to continue behaving that way when they grow up).
If an adult commits a non-criminal offense against me and is unaware that they have done so, and I forgive that offense, then likewise the incident is finished. In some cases I may choose to inform them of what they've done, and in some cases I may not. In some cases I would expect a grown up to repent of their having inadvertently offended me, yet I'm sure that in some cases they will not. But these are just the kinds of choices that we as adults make while living in communities with each other. They aren't really about the forgiveness, they're more about the "rules of civility" and our own moral codes of behavior, and we don't all follow the same rules that way.
If someone commits a criminal offense against me, and I forgive them, they're still responsible for the consequences of their having committed a crime, because a criminal offense is not just an offense against me, but is an offense against the whole of society. I can forgive that part of the crime that was a direct offense against me, but it's not in my ability to forgive any more then that. And the criminal will still be held responsible for having committed the crime. Whether he repents of his crime or not will not be my concern. That's a concern for society as a whole to weigh. We remove criminals from amongst us because they have proven themselves to be anti-social. If a criminal then repents of that anti-social behavior, it's up to society to decide if that will mitigate his removal from society in some way, or not. But that society's business. It's not mine. I will have already forgiven him of that which he has done to me.
I also realize that forgiveness is easier for me to give when the offense is slight, and is far more difficult to give when the offense is great. But that will be my own personal issue, and I'll deal with it as best I can. And I believe this applies to other people, too. When I see the family of a victim on TV, all twisted up with the pain of the loss of their loved one, and clamoring for violent revenge, I know that they are wrong, and that they desperately need to forgive the offender to regain their own inner peace. But I also understand that it may take them many years to learn how to forgive such a heneous offense, and that they may never be able to do so. And if I were them, I may never learn to forgive such a thing, wither.
But I also know that their anger and hatred for the criminal is destroying them, no matter how justified that anger and hatred would seem to be.
So keeping all this in mind, I believe that Jesus intended that we forgive, always, as I believe he did the same. But that does not mean that there are no consequences for our or other people having committed an offense. And whether or not repentance will mitigate the consequences of our or someone else's offense is an issue between the offender and his society in this life, and between the offender and God in the next. Whether or not other people repent is not my business, and has nothing to do with my forgiving them of their offense against me.
skeptech said:
Purex makes some excellent points, but is forgiveness the only path to being free from resentment? I'm not so sure.... Can't I not forgive someone, and at the same time not feel resentment?
I don't think so. I think that unless we learn to forgive, we will wallow in resentment. It may not always be conscious resentment, and it may not always remain directly attached to the original offense, but it will remain within us, and will poison us in time. I say this because this has been my own experience with resentments, and with the healing power of forgiveness.