I'm afraid I share AMR's confusion here. While not all may be of equal spiritual stature or have the same rewards, those who are in Christ are His and those who are not....are not. That, I read it, is why there is a division of sheep and goats in Matthew 25 - not sheep, goats and some other group.
The only scriptures that come to mind that hint that there could be those who are elected and then those who are let in on some less active basis are these :
A bruised reed shall he not break, and smoking flax shall he not quench, till he send forth judgment unto victory.
Matthew 12:20
All that the Father giveth me shall come to me; and him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out.
John 6:37
They are only that - hints. And the second is only if you read them that the Father gives as being separate from those that come to Him (implied that the Father didn't give them).
They are still sheep...separated as a shepherd separates HIS sheep from the goats (v32). And should we even entertain the possibility that there are some that will make it in based on their works? Did their works make them sheep or did their works follow them...follow their "sheephood".
As to the "my brethren" quote, note that it can be read (in the English) more than one way. It could easily be read as Jesus calling the sheep His own brethren....for He fails to use the term when addressing the goats (v45).
I don't think they didn't understand that - rather, when brought before the throne, it is revealed instead that their works came out of love for those that they served - directly coming from the love they had in Christ. As such, when they work, they are not working to find entrance into heaven, but as a result of what has been done in them. So when told they ministered to Christ, all they see is what Christ has done in (and through) them - and so it brings a complete fulfillment to the statement that men will see the works believers do and glorify their Father in heaven. Those are the only character of works that could produce glory for the Father and a sincere "surprise" (poor word, I know) at being credited for those works that are not originally theirs to begin with.
So it is not lack of understanding but mere fruit of the work of Christ (as opposed to fruit of the work of man).
Note something in comparing the two groups. The one group (the sheep) is judged by those works that ministered to "the least of these" and the other group is judged by the works that didn't. Should we venture to say that anyone who goes overseas and feeds the masses should be assumed to be sheep simply because of an excessive natural generosity of spirit? Selfless giving is certainly a characteristic more natural to a people who have been blessed by the gospel for centuries (Europe and America...the Reformation), but is that what is being said here or is it being noted the true character of the works themselves?
Again....should we assume that the only goats are those who NEVER did anything selfless and giving to the poor or needy in their lives? That is the ONLY way I can see even beginning to allow the possibility of gaining heaven by works. And even then, it's a stretch (all our righteousness is as filthy rags).
What about those who are alive and remain...? How is it not possible that this is a gathering of all those resurrected as well as those who are alive and remain?
AMR thought my reply showed animosity, nothing could be further from the truth...I really must work on my presentational skills...
I understand the accepted evangelical position. but I do not share it.
I think you are not giving enough precision to the word of God on this matter, not to put too fine a point on it, the accepted exegesis of this portion is downright abyssmal, sloppy.
A key to why [imho] it is so is found in St Jeromes translation which ALL other translations follow. It is found in the Catholic mindset of the 4th century, let's not kid ourselves the church of the 4th century was already horribly backslidden.
Two things to bear in mind are Greek dualism and the RomanCatholo conquest of the whole world. The world in the 4th century was either Catholic or it was barbarian and together with the church the Romans hoped to conquer the world.
See St Jerome had a problem in translating Matt 25. and it comes out in more than one place than the sheep and goats.
The portion begins "When the Son of man shall come in His glory and all His holy
angels with Him..."
But the word that Jerome translates as holy angels is exactly the same word for saints, which indeed agrees with Paul's teaching concerning the judgement...not only do we come with the Lord but the world is actually judged by us, how? well Matt. 25 tells us.
But St Jerome's dilemma is that he fancies he has already spied out the church in the righteous sheep, he can't have two churches, the saints who came with the Lord to judge and the righteous sheep who are being judged.
So he slips in "holy angels" that solves his problem.
But it throws the whole scene out of kilter, and makes nonsense of the whole story.
We have the sheep on the right hand and we have the goats on the left before the Lord and addressing them He says "inasmuch as you ministered to one of these the least of My brethren you ministered to Me" now I have to say that doesn't make an atom of good literary sense.
He turns to the goats and says "inasmuch as ye did not minister to these sheep? no inasmuch as ye ministered not to one of these the least of My brethren...."
I say once again that the sheep and the "brethren" are two distinctly different people. I must remind you that we are passed from judgement to life, the teaching of Paul is that the saints who have died rise first then we are caught up together with them in the clouds. There IS no judgement at this time...."so shall we ever be with the Lord" [my favourite scripture that]
You DO believe there is to be a new earth...who do you suppose will inhabit it? our place is in heaven.