John 8:3-6
3 And the scribes and Pharisees brought unto him a woman taken in adultery; and when they had set her in the midst,
4 They say unto him, Master, this woman was taken in adultery, in the very act.
5 Now Moses in the law commanded us, that such should be stoned: but what sayest thou?
6 This they said, tempting him, that they might have to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his finger wrote on the ground, as though he heard them not. |
The scribes and Pharisees were attempting to trap Jesus according to His knowledge of what was written in the Law.
This is very important to remember.
Were the scribes and Pharisees correct in what they said was commanded in the Law?
Leviticus 20:10
10 And the man that committeth adultery with another man's wife, even he that committeth adultery with his neighbour's wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death. |
No, Moses in the Law commanded that the man that commits adultery would be put to death and the woman that commits adultery was to be put to death with the man, not by herself.
What else did Moses command in the Law about putting someone to death?
Here are a couple of the commandments and the response Jesus made that relates to them.
Deuteronomy 17:7
7 The hands of the witnesses shall be first upon him to put him to death, and afterward the hands of all the people. So thou shalt put the evil away from among you.
Deuteronomy 19:16-19
16 If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong;
17 Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the Lord, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;
18 And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;
19 Then shall ye do unto him, as he had thought to have done unto his brother: so shalt thou put the evil away from among you. |
John 8:7
7 So when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her. |
By stating "he that is without sin", Jesus is referring to the provision in the Law against a false witness.
By stating "let him first cast a stone", Jesus is referring to the law that states that hands of the witnesses are to be first to put someone to death.
What was the response by the witnesses?
John 8:9
9 And they which heard it, being convicted by their own conscience, went out one by one, beginning at the eldest, even unto the last: and Jesus was left alone, and the woman standing in the midst. |
Leaving is the response expected of false witnesses.
Lets go back to the original challenge.
The scribes and Pharisees specifically mentioned that the law states that an adulteress was to be stoned.
The verse states that the adulteress was to be put to death but does not actually mention that it was to be done by stoning.
Where is the verse that states that the woman that commits adultery is to be stoned?
Deuteronomy 22:23-27
23 If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto an husband, and a man find her in the city, and lie with her;
24 Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour's wife: so thou shalt put away evil from among you.
25 But if a man find a betrothed damsel in the field, and the man force her, and lie with her: then the man only that lay with her shall die.
26 But unto the damsel thou shalt do nothing; there is in the damsel no sin worthy of death: for as when a man riseth against his neighbour, and slayeth him, even so is this matter:
27 For he found her in the field, and the betrothed damsel cried, and there was none to save her. |
Wait a minute.
Was the woman taken in adultery married or merely bethrothed?
Was she taken in the city or in the field?
Did she cry out and no one saved her?
Did the woman do no sin that was worthy of death?
We don't know, but this shows that the Law commands that a man should be put to death for committing adultery while the woman can go free, if the circumstances warrant it.
There is more in the Law about putting someone to death.
Deuteronomy 17:6
6 At the mouth of two witnesses, or three witnesses, shall he that is worthy of death be put to death; but at the mouth of one witness he shall not be put to death. |
John 8:10-11
10 When Jesus had lifted up himself, and saw none but the woman, he said unto her, Woman, where are those thine accusers? hath no man condemned thee?
11 She said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said unto her, Neither do I condemn thee: go, and sin no more. |
There were no witnesses to testify against the woman.
How could she be put to death according to the Law without any witnesses?
The most significant point in the story is that the witnesses left without being the first to throw stones.
Since Jesus was not one of the witnesses, He would have to wait until the witnesses threw the first stones before He could do anything, otherwise He would be in violation of the Law, and it didn't matter whether He knew she was guilty or innocent.
If Jesus knew the woman was guilty, He would still be only one witness, and the Law commanded that nobody was to be put to death with only one witnesses.
Did you forget that the challenge was about what Moses commanded in the Law?