gcthomas said:
What does 'before the universe' mean when time is a property of interactions within the universe, and has no application outside of that framework?
I never used the term "before the universe". I merely noted the fact that it seems that the universe came into being at one point. That is to say, the universe is ~13,75 billion years old, not eternal.
I was differentiating between the sum total of the objects, forces and interrelationships (the Universe) and the individual sub-parts (objects). The discussion involved using observations of the latter to justify conclusions about the origins of the former.
That is fine, but how does that help you argue that the universe is not contingent or to formulate as a positive assertion, that the universe exists necessarily?
This still begs the question of the contingent status you ascribe to uni/multiverse, but decline to ascribe to a god. You have assumed it instead of demonstrated it, with the entire argument coming down to the belief that the universe must be created by a creator. All the rest is argument fluff.
No, the argument comes down to stating that there must be a necessary ground of contingent being. That this reality is God relies on other arguments, arguments that argue that such a necessary reality must also have other properties that we associate with the term God. I explicitly showed this in my previous post, your objection is a misunderstanding of the argument. It is not that we decline to say that "a god" (onece again, it is God, repeating an error does not make it more correct) is contingent as well, the whole point of the argument is to show that at some point there must be a being that exists necessarily. To the ask what caused this reality is nonsense, then you are no longer talking about that reality, you are then asking the question "what caused the uncaused reality?", which is an absurd and nonsensical question.
Please give the best argument you can for a proof that the universe must be contingent on an active, non-contingent agent.
Proof? It is hard to give proof for an empirical claim. If I remember correctly, you have a science degree, so you should know that. Nor is the cosmological argument a proof in the absolute sense, it is an argument, one of many ways to seek to present the belief in a deity as rationally justified even if it is not absolutely proven.
As far as I understand it, the best scientific cosmologies assume that the universe came into being, it is not eternal. That is evidence that it is contingent, even if it does not absolutely proves it. Secondly, there is no evidence that the universe contains the reason for its own existence within itself. Do you know about any one thing in the universe that contains the reason for its own existence within itself? Or a reason to believe that the universe as a whole contains the reason for itself within itself if you wish you make that distinction? If not, then I think it is no stretch to assume or believe that the a universe which came into being and is not eternal, is contingent. Of course, strictly speaking, the Aristotelian argument would work even with an eternal universe, Aristotle himself believed the universe was eternal. You are of course free to argue that the universe is a necessary being, but I have seen no such argument.
As for the non-contingent agent, here you are inserting something that the argument never claims to argue for, namely that this reality is an agent. The cosmological argument argues for a necessary reality that is the ground for contingent beings, it says nothing about (at least directly) whether this reality is an agent or not.
It is not my intention to say that the cosmological argument absolutely proves God and that anyone that does not accept it is an idiot, that would be unjustified. I do however claim that it makes belief (along with other arguments) in a God rationally justifiable.
I gave you a link that clear up these misundestandings, written by an expert of these arguments. I suggest that you read it.
Can also recommend this video, which is a physicists take on the issue: