Increase in brain size is another "change" in the theory of human evolution, which I mentioned before.
Bipedalism vs. Brain Size
"Early researchers hypothesized that brain enlargement was the first hallmark of the hominin lineage. Beginning in the mid 1800's until the early 1900's, almost all known fossil hominins had relatively large brains. The large brain hypothesis was falsified after the discovery of early hominin fossils exhibiting ape-sized brains and bipedally-adapted morphology.
In 1924, Raymond Dart identified the first australopith fossil, known as the Taung Child, from South Africa. This specimen belonged to the species Au. africanus and had a relatively small brain similar to the size of a modern chimpanzees. The inferior placement of the foramen magnum, Dart argued, suggested that the Taung Child was bipedal. Dar's hypothesis that bipedalism evolved before larger brains ran counter to the scientific consensus at the time. Because of his small sample size and the fragmentary remains, debate about the timing of bipedalism and brain size continued for the next 50 years."
The mistakes/corrections made in the attempt to prove the evolution of man from the fossil record.
1. Having to little information
--Nebraska man
--Ramapithecus
--Taung child
--Java man
2. Deliberate misconstruction
--Piltdown man
--Neanderthal
3. Misdating
--Skull 1470
4. Change in theory
--Increase brain size precedes upright walking to upright walking precedes increase in brain size.
--Dave