What God did not give us
God didn't tell us what rights we have in Scripture. The only mention of rights are the ones that Paul claimed for himself as a citizen of Rome, these were rights, they were legal rights, and they were political rights.
(The seed of the idea of inalienable rights didn't appear until the Romans had to decide how to handle foreigners, they had laws and rights for Roman citizens, and they had different sets for other people from other lands. The idea that people have some rights even if they're not a citizen doesn't appear in Scripture, not as such.)
What God gave us
God did give us laws, explicitly in the Old Testament, and there is a distinct echo of many of these laws in the New Testament, particularly with Paul, who constantly condemned both idolatry (sacrificing to false gods /devils /demons) and perversion (the Greek 'porneia'), among many other vices, which were both also condemned in God's written laws of the OT, just for example.
And He gave us a conscience.
What do we do
With these things we are to be good stewards, since He did not specifically tell us that people have inalienable rights.
We have theorized ever since as to the best choices to make, as individuals, and as polities (basically 'nations').
The theory that I hold is called 'liberalism', and I specifically interpret liberalism as founded upon individual human rights. It means that whatever flowery language various liberal thinkers might have used to describe the theory, I don't hold to that language, I only hold to the rights themselves.
God gave us our inalienable rights
Atheists and Catholics alike can agree on which rights we have, even if we differ about why we have them, where they came from (are they in our DNA?), or what they're for. And we can agree how to treat them. We all agree that certain individual rights are absolute and that it is never justified in violating them, for example violent rape, murder, and uncoerced perjury is always condemned in very many of our modern countries. These laws protect our rights against such things being done to us.
What is a legal right
Legal rights are a matter of legal fact. Statutes and case law recognizes rights in the same way, no matter whether they are genuine human rights, or if they are created rights, like voting. Rights are 'holes' in the law. They are where our government is not permitted to interfere. When a 'hole' is filled in, then the right disappears as a legal fact.
Legal rights do not necessarily correspond to our inalienable rights. As a liberal, I would that this were always the case, but the present and history demonstrates that we have failed.
Legal theory
We all have a legal theory, it is how we understand the law. The simplest theories aren't even examined or consciously thought about, they are like 'obey the law' and that's the end of it. The idea that it might be moral to break the law never occurs to them.
Our justices all have legal theories too. Answering questions like what is the law, and what should the law be?
Moral theory
We all have moral theories as well, and our moral theory interacts with our legal theory. As far as I'm concerned, my political moral theory (contrasted with my ethics) is also liberalism, which characterizes any unjustified invasion against anybody's rights as immoral. This filters up to my legal theory, which is that all our laws should be in the service of protecting and defending all of our inalienable rights.
Ethics
Ethical theory is very personal, though not private. We all pursue things, and the pursuit itself shows our values. Our values are a matter of ethics.
In contrast to the vices I mentioned above, the corresponding values would be Christian piety and chastity.
Our theory of ethics is how we understand all of the above, all integrated together. It includes every last thing that we do, and there is no limit to its reach. Part of my moral theory is that imposing your ethics upon someone else violates their rights. This is called the right to the pursuit of happiness, and as far as I'm concerned that's the right to your own ethics, it's the right to ethical independence.
Religion
Religion figures into this two ways. One is that religion is the source of our faith, whether that faith is in God, or in something else. And the other, is that religion concerns sacrifices.
The latter is informed, I admit, by my own religion. People don't 'do' altars anymore, not like they did in Paul's day, nor in Muhammad's (SAW). That kind of sacrificing is a thing of the past, but what was true then is still true today, in that the most valuable sacrifice that people can offer, is their time and work; themselves; their lives.
When people get their ethics from religion, they sacrifice to their god, whether or not they believe in God or in science or some other entity. As they pursue their values, they are sacrificing to their god.
Values
As said, values are demonstrable by examining our pursuits. We always pursue our values, or put another way, we always pursue what is valuable to us. Whatever it is that we are actually pursuing is what we actually value, and this is even true in the face of our thinking otherwise.
Plenty of times, we may think we value one thing, but our actions belie that we actually value something else.
I value Jesus
