it strikes me that we (in america) live in such a different environment than the early Christians
i wonder how the letters from Paul would read if they were written to an early Christian church forming in modern america, an america where we are expected to participate in government
I think our Constitution is Christian and Paul would have written glowingly about it. It doesn't force anybody to be Christian, and I think he would have gushed about that too. I don't think the Apostles wished that monarchs would force people to convert.
Ours is the government where you abstractly dissect the monarch into parts, three parts, the executive, the lawmaker, and the judge. Then you build institutions up around these three parts, they each act independently of the other two, and within narrow specifications, they are each absolutely powerful, just as the monarch is absolutely powerful all in one man.
Our monarch is our written Constitution. We conservatives want Republican jurists in the courts, because we understand them to be the "referees" or "umpires" that make sure we are all playing by the rules set out in the Constitution. And their absolute power of judicial review means that they judge even the lawmaker so that he is not a law unto himself and his cronies.
In the 1860s Paul would have written the American Church to vote Republican.