When I was a kid, my dad really HATED Casius Clay (he wasn't Mohommed Ali, yet, back then). He'd never met Casius Clay, of course, but he really hated him. I remember that whenever Casius Clay came on the TV, and began his trash talking about how he was so pretty, and how he was the greatest, and how he was going to humiliate his opponents in the ring, my dad would get all red in the face and say things like "somebody's gonna kill that nigger, and I don't blame 'em!" ... "Listen to that arrogant son-of-a___!" I was just a kid, and had never even met a black man. I had only met one black girl, who went to my grade school, and I really liked her. I even had a crush on her until my mother humiliated me for saying so. At that age I couldn't understand why my dad hated Casius Clay so much just because he said funny stuff on the TV. Everybody said funny stuff on the TV, that's what TV was for, wasn't it?
But now that I'm an adult, I know why my dad hated Casius Clay so much. Casius Clay represented, to my dad, every "nigger" my dad ever had a bad encounter with. And my dad grew up in downtown Cleveland, so I imagine that he'd probably had a few bad encounters with black men or boys while he was growing up. And unfortunately, my dad hadn't forgiven whatever bad encounters he might have had, and instead, he was fostering a huge resentment against a whole race of people based on the very irrational assumption that all black people must be like the one or two black people that may have mistreated him once a long time ago. And Mohommed Ali (I mean Casius Clay) was to my dad the perfect icon for this festering resentment-turned-to-hatred. And not only that, Casius Clay KNEW that he was the perfect icon for every white man's festering resentment turned to hatred, and he pranced around all the more arrogantly because of it. And my dad knew that Casius Clay knew this, and that he was rubbing my dad's own racial bigotry in his and every other white bigot's face.
None of this is a crime, though. It becomes a crime when someone lets their irrational resentment and hatred for a whole race, or ethnicity, or religion, or gender, or sexual orientation, or political group overwhelm them, and they act out in a criminal way. Just as the words imply, "hate crime" is any crime based on an irrational hatred for a whole group of people.
I'm proud to say, by the way, that my dad no longer holds on to his old resentment against black people, as he once did, and I have not heard him speak against blacks or any particular grouping of people in many years. I don't know when or why he decided to face his own racism, and let go of it, but he must have done so, because I don't see any evidence of it in him anymore.