find these questions in your post
You did answer in your original reply to mine and I missed it.
---Now who owns the ideas as they are conceived in Russian?
The ideas are not subject to copyright--the original, per your statement is in common domain.
No, you said the ideas can be copyrighted within a translation. Even if the translation is from public domain work.
---can someone take a copyrighted work, translate it to a different language and then claim the copyright in that language? Why not?
You can have endless separate copyright translations in the same language, as long as each is a unique translation.
Here is the second case I specified, perhaps I didn't highlight it correctly: "can someone take a copyrighted work, translate it to a different language and then claim the copyright in that language? Why not?"
I specified in the second case that the translation was from a copyrighted work. So the question is: Is it okay for you to make a translation of someone else's copyrighted work and copyright that translation to yourself.