John 17:12 (ESV):
WhilexxIxxxwasxxwithxthemxxIxxxxxkeptxxxxthemxxxinxyourxxxxxname,
hotexx->x ēmēnxmetxautōnxegō xetērounxzautousxenxsouxtōxonomati
Whichzyouzhavezzzgivenzzzzmezzz.zzzIzzhavezzguardedzzthemzandzznot
zzhōzzzz->zzz->zzdedōkaszmoizzkaizz->zz->zzzephylaxazzzz.zzzkaizzoudeis
onezofzthemzzzhaszbeenzzzlostzzzzxxexceptzzzzthezsonzzzofzzzdestruction,zxthatz
<-zzexzautōnzzx->zzz->zzxapōletozzzeizzzmēzzzhozhuioszz->zzztēszapōleiaszxhina
thezScripturezmightzbezzfulfilled.
hēzzzgraphēzzz->zzz->zzplērōthē
The phrase "that the Scripture might be fulfilled" is the focal point.
The Greek conjunction, hina, combined with the verb, plērōthē (finite, third person, singular, aorist, subjunctive, passive), is a frequently used formula of quotation implying that something took place, but not in order that a prophecy might be fulfilled, but so that it was fulfilled. And not in order to make the event correspond to the prophecy, but the fact that the event did correspond to the prophesy.
See other examples, as in, Matthew 1:22; Matthew 2:15; Matthew 21:4; Matthew 26:56; John 15:25. With a past tense implied (Mark 14:49; John 13:18).
Verses 11-12 are instructive in that they contain the great doctrines of radical depravity, election, definite atonement, irresistible grace, and God's perseverance with His saints.
John 17:11 And I am no longer in the world, but they are in the world, and I am coming to you. Holy Father,
keep them in
your name, which
you have given me, that
they may be one, even as we are one.
John 17:12 While I was with them,
I kept them in
your name,
which you have given me.
I have guarded them, and
not one of them has been lost except the son of destruction, that the Scripture might be fulfilled.
Earlier we find Christ praying for Himself and His glorification (v. 1, 5). Now He turns to others and intercedes for them. This prayer is for their safekeeping, and His remaining petitions are for their sanctification (v. 17), unity (vs. 20-21), and eventual presence with Him in heaven (v. 24).
Note that in the prayer apart from God's perseverance, the disciples would surely be lost. This is why Christ mentions Judas.
It is not the case that Judas was an exception to God's perseverance with His saints, as though, for the sake of prophecy, God consented to abandon Judas.
That is not the case, for Judas was not one of Christ's originally. We see this said elsewhere, and even this passage implies it. The phrase "son of destruction" is in the nominative case, rather than the genitive, which sets off from the words "of them" which precede it. The true meaning is: "
I have lost none of them whom you have given me, none at all. But the son of destruction is lost, as has been prophesied in Scripture." The reference is to Psalm 41:9. Lastly, the situation with Judas does not teach that the saved can be lost. It teaches what would inevitably happen if God did not regenerate the person and then keep in His care the one so regenerated.
1) Is there anything here which might suggest Judas' forthcoming reprobation is a conditional situation?
As noted above, Judas was reprobate from the beginning. He was never one of God's elect. There is no condition on this expressed in the verse.
2) Is there anything here which might suggest Christ did not know with a certainty?
No. In fact, we see from Christ's prayers that it was clear who was to betray Him and it was definite "not one of them has been lost except...". The Greek shows no tentativeness in Christ's assertion that He knew one was lost.
3) Could you provide the definitions for these words?
A. apōleto
B. tēs apōleias
apōleto: appears 90 times in the NT,
to destroy, to kill (Matthew 2:13);
to bring to nought, make void (1 Corinthians 1:19);
to lose, be deprived of (Matthew 10:42);
to be destroyed, perish (Matthew 9:17);
to be put to death, to die (Matthew 26:52).
In John 17:12, cf. 10:28, the use signifies the destruction handed out in divine judgment. "None of them has
perished except the son of destruction. The "perishing" destiny is in contrast to John 3:16, "shall not
perish but have eternal life".
tēs apōleias: ignoring the article, tēs, apōleias appears 18 times in the NT,
consumption, destruction;
waste, profusion (Matthew 26:8; Mark 14:4);
destruction, state of being destroyed (Acts 25:6);
eternal ruin, perdition (Matthew 7:13; Acts 8:20). In John 17:12, it refers to the destruction one experiences as a result of divine wrath and is used much in the same sense as in Romans 9:22.
4) Does this scripture prove Divine Foreknowledge is exhaustive and definite in regards to future free will actions and outcome?
I am not so certain this is
the linchpin verse for foreknowledge. The verse is one of many, when looked at as a whole, clearly demonstrates the foreknowledge of God. As I noted above, the verse is more instructive about the doctrines of radical depravity, election, definite atonement, irresistible grace, and God's perseverance with His saints. Nevertheless, the implied reference to Psalm 41:9 in Christ's prayer makes it clear that He foreknew what was to happen to Him and through whom it was to happen.
5) Does this scripture prove Divine Foreknowledge was exhaustive and definite in regards to past foreknowledge of a future free will action?
I don't know what "past foreknowledge of a future free will action" means. Can you elaborate?
Where do we go from here?
Click the blinking words in my sig below. Think and pray on the content at the linked site.