Again, there's a conflict between your apparent understanding of Islam's dictates and how it must function and Islam's understanding outside of a murderous fringe that is being largely opposed by Islam.
Yes.
The things I've noted more than once prior. See, this is the problem with large block quoting. Or, see: the 30 Years War, etc.
That's closer to the truth, I believe. I'd say, as I did long ago, that extremists tend to love to quiet the opposition to their Truth, one way or another, left or right.
I don't believe you got a single thing right in that, but I'm not going to go into detail on the why and how so the next fellow can howl at the volume. I'll meet as met instead.
Sorry, I'll have to look back. Of what time and in what way? I mean, you've had progressive notions sweep through the Republican party in times past (see: slavery) and there have been sea changes on the point, as when the conservative, line holding Dixie Democrats abandoned the party to flock to the Republican banner.
This is from the Methodist Book of Discipline, 2016:
¶ 304.3: The practice of homosexuality is incompatible with Christian teaching. Therefore self-avowed practicing homosexuals are not to be certified as candidates, ordained as ministers, or appointed to serve in The United Methodist Church. View full statement.
¶ 341.6: Ceremonies that celebrate homosexual unions shall not be conducted by our ministers and shall not be conducted in our churches.
There's division in the American church (and even that looks to remove her as the highest court within the Methodist Church has held the elevation of a gay female bishop is contrary to church law) but not from the larger governing body, which is international.